KernelBench
KernelBench: Can LLMs Write GPU Kernels? - Benchmark with Torch -> CUDA problems
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KernelBench is a benchmark tool designed to evaluate Large Language Models' (LLMs) ability to generate GPU kernels. It focuses on transpiling operators from PyTorch to CUDA kernels at different levels of granularity. The tool categorizes problems into four levels, ranging from single-kernel operators to full model architectures, and assesses solutions based on compilation, correctness, and speed. The repository provides a structured directory layout, setup instructions, usage examples for running single or multiple problems, and upcoming roadmap features like additional GPU platform support and integration with other frameworks.
README:
A benchmark for evaluating LLMs' ability to generate GPU kernels
See blog post for more details.
We structure the problem for LLM to transpile operators described in PyTorch to CUDA kernels, at whatever level of granularity it desires to.

We construct Kernel Bench to have 4 Levels of categories:
- Level 1: Single-kernel operators (100 Problems) The foundational building blocks of neural nets (Convolutions, Matrix multiplies, Layer normalization)
- Level 2: Simple fusion patterns (100 Problems) A fused kernel would be faster than separated kernels (Conv + Bias + ReLU, Matmul + Scale + Sigmoid)
- Level 3: Full model architectures (50 Problems) Optimize entire model architectures end-to-end (MobileNet, VGG, MiniGPT, Mamba)
- Level 4: Level Hugging Face Optimize whole model architectures from HuggngFace
For this benchmark, we care whether if a solution
- compiles: generated torch code was able to load the inline embedded CUDA Kernel and build the kernel
- is correct: check against reference torch operators n_correctness times on randomized inputs
- is fast: compare against reference torch operators n_trial times for both eager mode and torch.compile execution
We organize the repo into the following structure:
KernelBench/
βββ assets/
βββ KernelBench/ # Benchmark dataset files
βββ src/ # KernelBench logic code
β βββ unit_tests/
β βββ prompts/
β βββ ....
βββ scripts/ # helpful scripts to run the benchmark
βββ results/ # some baseline times
βββ runs/ # where your runs will be stored
conda create --name kernel-bench python=3.10
conda activate kernel-bench
pip install -r requirements.txt
pip install -e .
To call LLM API providers, set your {INFERENCE_SERVER_PROVIDER}_API_KEY API key.
Running and profiling kernels require a GPU. [Coming soon] If you don't have GPU available locally, you can set up Modal. Set up your modal token.
It is easier to get started with a single problem. This will fetch the problem, generate a sample, and evaluate the sample.
# for example, run level 2 problem 40 from huggingface
python3 scripts/generate_and_eval_single_sample.py dataset_src="huggingface" level=2 problem_id=40
# dataset_src could be "local" or "huggingface"
# add .verbose_logging for more visbility
# 1. Generate responses and store kernels locally to runs/{run_name} directory
python3 scripts/generate_samples.py run_name="test_hf_level_1" dataset_src="huggingface" level="1" num_workers=50 server_type="deepseek" model_name="deepseek-coder" temperature=0
# 2. Evaluate on all generated kernels in runs/{run_name} directory
python3 scripts/eval_from_generations.py level=1 run_name="test_hf_level_1" dataset_src="local" level="1" num_gpu_devices=8 timeout=300
You can check out scripts/greedy_analysis.py to analyze the eval results.
We provide some reference baseline times on NVIDIA L40S in results/timing (soon also on H100).
- [ ] More reference baseline times on various GPU platforms
- [ ] Easy-to-use Cloud GPU Integration (via Modal)
- [ ] Integrate with more frameworks, such as ThunderKittens
- [ ] Add backward pass
- [ ] Integrate with toolchains such as NCU
MIT. Check LICENSE.md for more details.
@misc{ouyang2024kernelbench,
title={KernelBench: Can LLMs Write GPU Kernels?},
author={Anne Ouyang and Simon Guo and Azalia Mirhoseini},
year={2024},
url={https://scalingintelligence.stanford.edu/blogs/kernelbench/},
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