FlagEmbedding

FlagEmbedding

Retrieval and Retrieval-augmented LLMs

Stars: 7042

Visit
 screenshot

FlagEmbedding focuses on retrieval-augmented LLMs, consisting of the following projects currently: * **Long-Context LLM** : Activation Beacon * **Fine-tuning of LM** : LM-Cocktail * **Embedding Model** : Visualized-BGE, BGE-M3, LLM Embedder, BGE Embedding * **Reranker Model** : llm rerankers, BGE Reranker * **Benchmark** : C-MTEB

README:

FlagEmbedding

Build Build License Build Build

News | Installation | Quick Start | Community | Projects | Model List | Contributor | Citation | License

English | 中文

FlagEmbedding focuses on retrieval-augmented LLMs, consisting of the following projects currently:

News

  • 9/10/2014: Introducing MemoRAG, a step forward towards RAG 2.0 on top of memory-inspired knowledge discovery (repo: https://github.com/qhjqhj00/MemoRAG, paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.05591v1) 🔥
  • 9/2/2024: Start to maintain the tutorials. The contents within will be actively updated and eariched, stay tuned! 📚
  • 7/26/2024: Release a new embedding model bge-en-icl, an embedding model that incorporates in-context learning capabilities, which, by providing task-relevant query-response examples, can encode semantically richer queries, further enhancing the semantic representation ability of the embeddings. 🔥
  • 7/26/2024: Release a new embedding model bge-multilingual-gemma2, a multilingual embedding model based on gemma-2-9b, which supports multiple languages and diverse downstream tasks, achieving new SOTA on multilingual benchmarks (MIRACL, MTEB-fr, and MTEB-pl). 🔥
  • 7/26/2024: Release a new lightweight reranker bge-reranker-v2.5-gemma2-lightweight, a lightweight reranker based on gemma-2-9b, which supports token compression and layerwise lightweight operations, can still ensure good performance while saving a significant amount of resources. 🔥
More
  • 6/7/2024: Release a new benchmark MLVU, the first comprehensive benchmark specifically designed for long video understanding. MLVU features an extensive range of video durations, a diverse collection of video sources, and a set of evaluation tasks uniquely tailored for long-form video understanding. 🔥
  • 5/21/2024: Release a new benchmark AIR-Bench together with Jina AI, Zilliz, HuggingFace, and other partners. AIR-Bench focuses on a fair out-of-distribution evaluation for Neural IR & RAG. It generates the synthetic data for benchmarking w.r.t. diverse domains and languages. It is dynamic and will be updated on regular basis. Leaderboard 🔥
  • 4/30/2024: Release Llama-3-8B-Instruct-80K-QLoRA, extending the context length of Llama-3-8B-Instruct from 8K to 80K via QLoRA training on a few synthesized long-context data. The model achieves remarkable performance on various long-context benchmarks. Code 🔥
  • 3/18/2024: Release new rerankers, built upon powerful M3 and LLM (GEMMA and MiniCPM, not so large actually 😃) backbones, supporitng multi-lingual processing and larger inputs, massive improvements of ranking performances on BEIR, C-MTEB/Retrieval, MIRACL, LlamaIndex Evaluation 🔥
  • 3/18/2024: Release Visualized-BGE, equipping BGE with visual capabilities. Visualized-BGE can be utilized to generate embeddings for hybrid image-text data. 🔥
  • 1/30/2024: Release BGE-M3, a new member to BGE model series! M3 stands for Multi-linguality (100+ languages), Multi-granularities (input length up to 8192), Multi-Functionality (unification of dense, lexical, multi-vec/colbert retrieval). It is the first embedding model which supports all three retrieval methods, achieving new SOTA on multi-lingual (MIRACL) and cross-lingual (MKQA) benchmarks. Technical Report and Code. 🔥
  • 1/9/2024: Release Activation-Beacon, an effective, efficient, compatible, and low-cost (training) method to extend the context length of LLM. Technical Report
  • 12/24/2023: Release LLaRA, a LLaMA-7B based dense retriever, leading to state-of-the-art performances on MS MARCO and BEIR. Model and code will be open-sourced. Please stay tuned. Technical Report
  • 11/23/2023: Release LM-Cocktail, a method to maintain general capabilities during fine-tuning by merging multiple language models. Technical Report
  • 10/12/2023: Release LLM-Embedder, a unified embedding model to support diverse retrieval augmentation needs for LLMs. Technical Report
  • 09/15/2023: The technical report of BGE has been released
  • 09/15/2023: The massive training data of BGE has been released
  • 09/12/2023: New models:
    • New reranker model: release cross-encoder models BAAI/bge-reranker-base and BAAI/bge-reranker-large, which are more powerful than embedding model. We recommend to use/fine-tune them to re-rank top-k documents returned by embedding models.
    • update embedding model: release bge-*-v1.5 embedding model to alleviate the issue of the similarity distribution, and enhance its retrieval ability without instruction.
  • 09/07/2023: Update fine-tune code: Add script to mine hard negatives and support adding instruction during fine-tuning.
  • 08/09/2023: BGE Models are integrated into Langchain, you can use it like this; C-MTEB leaderboard is available.
  • 08/05/2023: Release base-scale and small-scale models, best performance among the models of the same size 🤗
  • 08/02/2023: Release bge-large-*(short for BAAI General Embedding) Models, rank 1st on MTEB and C-MTEB benchmark! 🎉 🎉
  • 08/01/2023: We release the Chinese Massive Text Embedding Benchmark (C-MTEB), consisting of 31 test dataset.

Installation

Using pip:

pip install -U FlagEmbedding

Install from sources:

Clone the repository and install

git clone https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding.git
cd FlagEmbedding
pip install  .

For development in editable mode:

pip install -e .

Quick Start

First, load one of the BGE embedding model:

from FlagEmbedding import FlagModel

model = FlagModel('BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5',
                  query_instruction_for_retrieval="Represent this sentence for searching relevant passages:",
                  use_fp16=True)

Then, feed some sentences to the model and get their embeddings:

sentences_1 = ["I love NLP", "I love machine learning"]
sentences_2 = ["I love BGE", "I love text retrieval"]
embeddings_1 = model.encode(sentences_1)
embeddings_2 = model.encode(sentences_2)

Once we get the embeddings, we can compute similarity by inner product:

similarity = embeddings_1 @ embeddings_2.T
print(similarity)

Community

We are actively maintaining the community of BGE and FlagEmbedding. Let us know if you have any suggessions or ideas!

Currently we are updating the tutorials, we aim to create a comprehensive and detailed tutorial for beginners on text retrieval and RAG. Stay tuned!

The following contents are releasing in the upcoming weeks:

  • BGE Intro
  • Evaluation on MTEB tasks
The whole tutorial roadmap

Projects

BGE-M3 (Paper, Code)

In this project, we introduce BGE-M3, the first embedding model which supports:

  • Multi-Functionality: It can simultaneously perform the three common retrieval functionalities of embedding model: dense retrieval, multi-vector retrieval, and sparse retrieval.
  • Multi-Linguality: It can support more than 100 working languages.
  • Multi-Granularity: It is able to process inputs of different granularities, spanning from short sentences to long documents of up to 8192 tokens.

The training code and fine-tuning data will be open-sourced in the near future.

In this project, we introduce Visualized-BGE, which integrating image token embedding into the BGE Text Embedding framework. Visualized-BGE can be used for various hybrid modal retrieval tasks, such as Multi-Modal Knowledge Retrieval, Composed Image Retrieval, and Knowledge Retrieval with Multi-Modal Queries.

Our model delivers outstanding zero-shot performance across multiple hybrid modal retrieval tasks. It can also serve as a base model for downstream fine-tuning for hybrid modal retrieval tasks.

We extend the context length of Llama-3-8B-Instruct from 8K to 80K via QLoRA fine-tuning. The entire training cycle is super efficient, which takes 8 hours on one 8xA800 (80G) GPU machine (the context length can go far beyond 80k with more computing resources). The resulted model exhibits superior performances across a broad range of evaluation tasks, such as NIHS, topic retrieval, and long-context language understanding; meanwhile, it also well preserves the original capability over short contexts.

The utilization of long contexts poses a big challenge for large language models due to their limited context window length. Activation Beacon condenses LLM's raw activations into more compact forms such that it can perceive a much longer context with a limited context window. It is an effective, efficient, compatible, and low-cost (training) method to extend the context length of LLM. More details please refer to our paper and code.

LM-Cocktail automatically merges fine-tuned models and base model using a simple function to compute merging weights. LM-Cocktail can be used to improve the performance on target domain without decrease the general capabilities beyond target domain, as well as generate a model for new tasks without fine-tuning. You can use it to merge the LLMs (e.g., Llama) or embedding models. More details please refer to our report: LM-Cocktail and code.

LLM Embedder is fine-tuned based on the feedback from LLMs. It supports the retrieval augmentation needs of large language models, including knowledge retrieval, memory retrieval, example retrieval, and tool retrieval. It is fine-tuned over 6 tasks: Question Answering, Conversational Search, Long Conversation, Long-Range Language Modeling, In-Context Learning, and Tool Learning. For more details please refer to report and ./FlagEmbedding/llm_embedder/README.md

Cross-encoder will perform full-attention over the input pair, which is more accurate than embedding model (i.e., bi-encoder) but more time-consuming than embedding model. Therefore, it can be used to re-rank the top-k documents returned by embedding model. We train the cross-encoder on a multilingual pair data, The data format is the same as embedding model, so you can fine-tune it easily following our example. For more details please refer to ./FlagEmbedding/reranker/README.md

We provide a new version of the cross-encoder that supports more languages and longer lengths. The data format is similar to our embedding models, but now includes prompt data for fine-tuning and inference. You can perform inference using specific layers or using the entire layers. You can fine-tune it easily following our example. For more details please refer to ./FlagEmbedding/llm_reranker/README.md.

BGE embedding is a general Embedding Model. We pre-train the models using retromae and train them on large-scale pair data using contrastive learning. You can fine-tune the embedding model on your data following our examples. We also provide a pre-train example. Note that the goal of pre-training is to reconstruct the text, and the pre-trained model cannot be used for similarity calculation directly, it needs to be fine-tuned. Refer to our report: c-pack and code for more details.

BGE uses the last hidden state of [cls] as the sentence embedding: sentence_embeddings = model_output[0][:, 0]. If you use mean pooling, there will be a significant decrease in performance.

A benchmark for chinese text embedding. This benchmark has been merged into MTEB. Refer to our report: c-pack and code for more details.

Model List

bge is short for BAAI general embedding.

Model Language Description query instruction for retrieval
BAAI/bge-en-icl English A LLM-based embedding model with in-context learning capabilities, which can fully leverage the model's potential based on a few shot examples Provide instructions and few-shot examples freely based on the given task.
BAAI/bge-multilingual-gemma2 Multilingual - A LLM-based multilingual embedding model, trained on a diverse range of languages and tasks. Provide instructions based on the given task.
BAAI/bge-m3 Multilingual Inference Fine-tune Multi-Functionality(dense retrieval, sparse retrieval, multi-vector(colbert)), Multi-Linguality, and Multi-Granularity(8192 tokens)
LM-Cocktail English fine-tuned models (Llama and BGE) which can be used to reproduce the results of LM-Cocktail
BAAI/llm-embedder English Inference Fine-tune a unified embedding model to support diverse retrieval augmentation needs for LLMs See README
BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3 Multilingual Inference Fine-tune a lightweight cross-encoder model, possesses strong multilingual capabilities, easy to deploy, with fast inference.
BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-gemma Multilingual Inference Fine-tune a cross-encoder model which is suitable for multilingual contexts, performs well in both English proficiency and multilingual capabilities.
BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-minicpm-layerwise Multilingual Inference Fine-tune a cross-encoder model which is suitable for multilingual contexts, performs well in both English and Chinese proficiency, allows freedom to select layers for output, facilitating accelerated inference.
BAAI/bge-reranker-v2.5-gemma2-lightweight Multilingual Inference a cross-encoder model which is suitable for multilingual contexts, performs well in both English and Chinese proficiency, allows freedom to select layers, compress ratio and compress layers for output, facilitating accelerated inference.
BAAI/bge-reranker-large Chinese and English Inference Fine-tune a cross-encoder model which is more accurate but less efficient
BAAI/bge-reranker-base Chinese and English Inference Fine-tune a cross-encoder model which is more accurate but less efficient
BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5 English Inference Fine-tune version 1.5 with more reasonable similarity distribution Represent this sentence for searching relevant passages:
BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5 English Inference Fine-tune version 1.5 with more reasonable similarity distribution Represent this sentence for searching relevant passages:
BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5 English Inference Fine-tune version 1.5 with more reasonable similarity distribution Represent this sentence for searching relevant passages:
BAAI/bge-large-zh-v1.5 Chinese Inference Fine-tune version 1.5 with more reasonable similarity distribution 为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章:
BAAI/bge-base-zh-v1.5 Chinese Inference Fine-tune version 1.5 with more reasonable similarity distribution 为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章:
BAAI/bge-small-zh-v1.5 Chinese Inference Fine-tune version 1.5 with more reasonable similarity distribution 为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章:
BAAI/bge-large-en English Inference Fine-tune Embedding Model which map text into vector Represent this sentence for searching relevant passages:
BAAI/bge-base-en English Inference Fine-tune a base-scale model but with similar ability to bge-large-en Represent this sentence for searching relevant passages:
BAAI/bge-small-en English Inference Fine-tune a small-scale model but with competitive performance Represent this sentence for searching relevant passages:
BAAI/bge-large-zh Chinese Inference Fine-tune Embedding Model which map text into vector 为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章:
BAAI/bge-base-zh Chinese Inference Fine-tune a base-scale model but with similar ability to bge-large-zh 为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章:
BAAI/bge-small-zh Chinese Inference Fine-tune a small-scale model but with competitive performance 为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章:

Contributors:

Thank all our contributors for their efforts and warmly welcome new members to join in!

Citation

If you find this repository useful, please consider giving a star ⭐ and citation

@misc{bge_m3,
  title={BGE M3-Embedding: Multi-Lingual, Multi-Functionality, Multi-Granularity Text Embeddings Through Self-Knowledge Distillation},
  author={Chen, Jianlv and Xiao, Shitao and Zhang, Peitian and Luo, Kun and Lian, Defu and Liu, Zheng},
  year={2023},
  eprint={2309.07597},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

@misc{cocktail,
      title={LM-Cocktail: Resilient Tuning of Language Models via Model Merging}, 
      author={Shitao Xiao and Zheng Liu and Peitian Zhang and Xingrun Xing},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2311.13534},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

@misc{llm_embedder,
      title={Retrieve Anything To Augment Large Language Models}, 
      author={Peitian Zhang and Shitao Xiao and Zheng Liu and Zhicheng Dou and Jian-Yun Nie},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2310.07554},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.IR}
}

@misc{bge_embedding,
      title={C-Pack: Packaged Resources To Advance General Chinese Embedding}, 
      author={Shitao Xiao and Zheng Liu and Peitian Zhang and Niklas Muennighoff},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2309.07597},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

License

FlagEmbedding is licensed under the MIT License.

For Tasks:

Click tags to check more tools for each tasks

For Jobs:

Alternative AI tools for FlagEmbedding

Similar Open Source Tools

For similar tasks

For similar jobs