awesome-LLM-game-agent-papers

awesome-LLM-game-agent-papers

A Survey on Large Language Model-Based Game Agents

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This repository provides a comprehensive survey of research papers on large language model (LLM)-based game agents. LLMs are powerful AI models that can understand and generate human language, and they have shown great promise for developing intelligent game agents. This survey covers a wide range of topics, including adventure games, crafting and exploration games, simulation games, competition games, cooperation games, communication games, and action games. For each topic, the survey provides an overview of the state-of-the-art research, as well as a discussion of the challenges and opportunities for future work.

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A Survey on Large Language Model-Based Game Agents

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🔥 Must-read papers for LLM-based Game agents.

💫 Continuously update on a weekly basis. (last update: 2024/09/22)

Content

Adventure Games

Text Adventure Games

  • [2019/09] Interactive Fiction Games: A Colossal Adventure AAAI 2020 [paper] [code]
  • [2020/10] ALFWorld: Aligning Text and Embodied Environments for Interactive Learning ICLR 2021 [paper][code]
  • [2022/03] ScienceWorld: Is your Agent Smarter than a 5th Grader? EMNLP 2022 [paper] [code]
  • [2022/10] ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models ICLR 2023 [paper] [code]
  • [2023/03] Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learning NeurIPS 2023 [paper] [code]
  • [2023/04] Can Large Language Models Play Text Games Well? Current State-of-the-Art and Open Questions arXiv [paper]
  • [2023/05] SwiftSage: A Generative Agent with Fast and Slow Thinking for Complex Interactive Tasks NeurIPS 2023 [paper] [code]
  • [2023/10] FireAct: Toward Language Agent Fine-tuning arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2023/11] ADaPT: As-Needed Decomposition and Planning with Language Models arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2024/02] Soft Self-Consistency Improves Language Model Agents arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2024/02] Empowering Large Language Model Agents through Action Learning arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2024/03] KnowAgent: Knowledge-Augmented Planning for LLM-Based Agents arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2024/03] Language Guided Exploration for RL Agents in Text Environments arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2024/03] Trial and Error: Exploration-Based Trajectory Optimization for LLM Agents ACL 2024 [paper][code]
  • [2024/04] Learning From Failure: Integrating Negative Examples When Fine-tuning Large Language Models as Agent arXiv[paper][code]
  • [2024/04] ReAct Meets ActRe: When Language Agents Enjoy Training Data Autonomy [paper]
  • [2024/05] Agent Planning with World Knowledge Model arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2024/05] THREAD: Thinking Deeper with Recursive Spawning arXiv [paper]
  • [2024/06] Watch Every Step! LLM Agent Learning via Iterative Step-Level Process Refinement arXiv [paper][code]

Video Adventure Games

  • [2023/09] Motif: Intrinsic Motivation from Artificial Intelligence Feedback ICLR 2024 [paper] [code]
  • [2024/03] Cradle: Empowering Foundation Agents Towards General Computer Control arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2024/03] Playing NetHack with LLMs: Potential & Limitations as Zero-Shot Agents arXiv [paper] [code]

Crafting & Exploration Games

MineCraft

  • [2023/02] Describe, Explain, Plan and Select: Interactive Planning with Large Language Models Enables Open-World Multi-Task Agents NeurIPS 2023 [paper][code]
  • [2023/03] Plan4MC: Skill Reinforcement Learning and Planning for Open-World Minecraft Tasks FMDM@NeurIPS2023 [paper][code]
  • [2023/05] Ghost in the Minecraft: Generally Capable Agents for Open-World Environments via Large Language Models with Text-based Knowledge and Memory arXiv [paper]
  • [2023/05] VOYAGER: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Models FMDM@NeurIPS2023 [paper][code]
  • [2023/10] LLaMA Rider: Spurring Large Language Models to Explore the Open World arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2023/10] Steve-Eye: Equipping LLM-based Embodied Agents with Visual Perception in Open Worlds ICLR 2024 [paper]
  • [2023/11] JARVIS-1: Open-world Multi-task Agents with Memory-Augmented Multimodal Language Models arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2023/11] See and Think: Embodied Agent in Virtual Environment arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2023/12] MP5: A Multi-modal Open-ended Embodied System in Minecraft via Active Perception CVPR 2024 [paper][code]
  • [2023/12] Auto MC-Reward: Automated Dense Reward Design with Large Language Models for Minecraft arXiv [paper]
  • [2023/12] Creative Agents: Empowering Agents with Imagination for Creative Tasks arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2024/02] RL-GPT: Integrating Reinforcement Learning and Code-as-policy arXiv [paper]
  • [2024/03] MineDreamer: Learning to Follow Instructions via Chain-of-Imagination for Simulated-World Control arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2024/07] Odyssey: Empowering Agents with Open-World Skills. arXiv [paper][code]

Crafter

  • [2023/02] Guiding Pretraining in Reinforcement Learning with Large Language Models ICML 2023 [paper]
  • [2023/05] SPRING: Studying Papers and Reasoning to play Games NeurIPS 2023 [paper]
  • [2023/06] OMNI: Open-endedness via Models of human Notions of Interestingness arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2023/09] AdaRefiner: Refining Decisions of Language Models with Adaptive Feedback arXiv [paper]
  • [2024/03] EnvGen: Generating and Adapting Environments via LLMs for Training Embodied Agents arXiv [paper]
  • [2024/04] AgentKit: Flow Engineering with Graphs, not Coding arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2024/04] World Models with Hints of Large Language Models for Goal Achieving arXiv [paper]
  • [2024/07] Enhancing Agent Learning through World Dynamics Modeling arXiv [paper]

Simulation Games

Human/social Simulation

  • [2023/04] Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior UIST 2023 [paper][code]
  • [2023/08] AgentSims: An Open-Source Sandbox for Large Language Model Evaluation arXiv [paper]
  • [2023/10] Humanoid Agents: Platform for Simulating Human-like Generative Agents arXiv [paper]
  • [2023/10] Lyfe Agents: Generative agents for low-cost real-time social interactions arXiv [paper]
  • [2023/10] SOTOPIA: Interactive Evaluation for Social Intelligence in Language Agents arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2024/03] SOTOPIA-$\pi$: Interactive Learning of Socially Intelligent Language Agents arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2024/09] Altera: Building Digital Humans [website]

Embodied Simulation

  • [2022/01] Language Models as Zero-Shot Planners: Extracting Actionable Knowledge for Embodied Agents ICML 2022 [paper][code]
  • [2022/12] LLM-Planner: Few-Shot Grounded Planning for Embodied Agents with Large Language Models ICCV 2023 [paper]
  • [2023/05] Language Models Meet World Models: Embodied Experiences Enhance Language Models NeurIPS 2023 [paper][code]
  • [2023/10] Octopus: Embodied Vision-Language Programmer from Environmental Feedback arXiv [paper] [code]
  • [2024/01] True Knowledge Comes from Practice: Aligning LLMs with Embodied Environments via Reinforcement Learning arXiv[paper][code]

Other Simulation

  • [2024/01] CivRealm: A Learning and Reasoning Odyssey in Civilization for Decision-Making Agents ICLR 2024 [paper][code]

Competition Games

  • [2022/10] Emergent World Representations: Exploring a Sequence Model Trained on a Synthetic Task ICLR 2023 [paper]
  • [2023/06] ChessGPT: Bridging Policy Learning and Language Modeling NeurIPS 2023 [paper][code]
  • [2023/08] Are ChatGPT and GPT-4 Good Poker Players?--A Pre-Flop Analysis arXiv [paper]
  • [2023/09] Suspicion-Agent: Playing Imperfect Information Games with Theory of Mind Aware GPT-4 arXiv [paper]
  • [2023/12] Large Language Models Play StarCraft II: Benchmarks and A Chain of Summarization Approach arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2024/01] PokerGPT: An End-to-End Lightweight Solver for Multi-Player Texas Hold'em via Large Language Model arXiv [paper]
  • [2024/01] SwarmBrain: Embodied agent for real-time strategy game StarCraft II via large language models arXiv [paper]
  • [2024/02] PokéLLMon: A Human-Parity Agent for Pokémon Battles with Large Language Models arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2024/02] Agent-Pro: Learning to Evolve via Policy-Level Reflection and Optimization arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2024/03] Embodied LLM Agents Learn to Cooperate in Organized Teams arXiv [paper]

Cooperation Games

  • [2023/07] Building Cooperative Embodied Agents Modularly with Large Language Models ICLR 2024 [paper][code]
  • [2023/09] MindAgent: Emergent Gaming Interaction arXiv [paper]
  • [2023/10] Evaluating Multi-agent Coordination Abilities in Large Language Models arXiv [paper]
  • [2023/12] LLM-Powered Hierarchical Language Agent for Real-time Human-AI Coordination arXiv [paper]
  • [2024/02] S-Agents: Self-organizing Agents in Open-ended Environments arXiv [paper]
  • [2024/03] ProAgent: Building Proactive Cooperative Agents with Large Language Models AAAI 2024 [paper]
  • [2024/03] Can LLM-Augmented Autonomous Agents Cooperate?, An Evaluation of Their Cooperative Capabilities through Melting Pot arXiv [paper]
  • [2024/03] Hierarchical Auto-Organizing System for Open-Ended Multi-Agent Navigation arXiv[paper]
  • [2024/05] Towards Efficient LLM Grounding for Embodied Multi-Agent Collaboration arXiv[paper][code]

Communication (Conversational) Games

  • [2022/12] Human-Level Play in the Game of Diplomacy by Combining Language Models with Strategic Reasoning Science [paper]
  • [2023/08] GameEval: Evaluating LLMs on Conversational Games arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2023/09] Exploring Large Language Models for Communication Games: An Empirical Study on Werewolf arXiv [paper]
  • [2023/10] Language Agents with Reinforcement Learning for Strategic Play in the Werewolf Game arXiv [paper]
  • [2023/10] Avalon's Game of Thoughts: Battle Against Deception through Recursive Contemplation arXiv [paper]
  • [2023/10] AvalonBench: Evaluating LLMs Playing the Game of Avalon FMDM@NeurIPS2023 [paper][code]
  • [2023/10] LLM-Based Agent Society Investigation: Collaboration and Confrontation in Avalon Gameplay arXiv [paper]
  • [2023/10] Leveraging Word Guessing Games to Assess the Intelligence of Large Language Models arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2023/11] War and Peace (WarAgent): Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Simulation of World Wars arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2023/11] clembench: Systematic Evaluation of Chat-Optimized Language Models as Conversational Agents EMNLP 2023 [paper]
  • [2023/12] Cooperation on the Fly: Exploring Language Agents for Ad Hoc Teamwork in the Avalon Game arXiv [paper]
  • [2023/12] Deciphering Digital Detectives: Understanding LLM Behaviors and Capabilities in Multi-Agent Mystery Games [paper]
  • [2024/02] Enhance Reasoning for Large Language Models in the Game Werewolf arXiv [paper]
  • [2024/02] What if LLMs Have Different World Views: Simulating Alien Civilizations with LLM-based Agents arXiv [paper]
  • [2024/04] Self-playing Adversarial Language Game Enhances LLM Reasoning [paper][code]
  • [2024/06] PLAYER: Enhancing LLM-based Multi-Agent Communication and Interaction in Murder Mystery Games arXiv[paper]

Action Games

  • [2023/02] Grounding Large Language Models in Interactive Environments with Online Reinforcement Learning ICML 2023 [paper][code]
  • [2024/03] Cradle: Empowering Foundation Agents Towards General Computer Control arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2024/03] Will GPT-4 Run DOOM? arXiv [paper][code]
  • [2024/03] Evaluate LLMs in Real Time with Street Fighter III GitHub [code]
  • [2024/07] Baba Is AI: Break the Rules to Beat the Benchmark ICML 2024 [paper]
  • [2024/08] Atari-GPT: Investigating the Capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models as Low-Level Policies for Atari Games arXiv [paper]
  • [2024/09] Can VLMs Play Action Role-Playing Games? Take Black Myth Wukong as a Study Case arXiv [paper] [code]

Citation

If you find this repository useful, please cite our paper:

@misc{hu2024survey,
      title={A Survey on Large Language Model-Based Game Agents}, 
      author={Sihao Hu and Tiansheng Huang and Fatih Ilhan and Selim Tekin and Gaowen Liu and Ramana Kompella and Ling Liu},
      year={2024},
      eprint={2404.02039},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.AI}
}

Contact

If you discover any papers that are suitable but not included, please contact Sihao Hu ([email protected]).

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