Awesome-Efficient-Agents

Awesome-Efficient-Agents

Survey and paper list on efficiency-guided LLM agents (memory, tool learning, planning).

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This repository, Awesome Efficient Agents, is a curated collection of papers focusing on memory, tool learning, and planning in agentic systems. It provides a comprehensive survey of efficient agent design, emphasizing memory construction, tool learning, and planning strategies. The repository categorizes papers based on memory processes, tool selection, tool calling, tool-integrated reasoning, and planning efficiency. It aims to help readers quickly access representative work in the field of efficient agent design.

README:

Awesome Efficient Agents: A Survey of Memory, Tool Learning, and Planning

arXiv Project Page Hugging Face Paper

🤝 Contributions welcome! Open an issue or submit a pull request to add papers, fix links, or improve categorization.

⚡Introduction

Recent years have seen growing interest in extending large language models into agentic systems. While agent capabilities have advanced rapidly, efficiency has received comparatively less attention despite being crucial for real-world deployment. This repository studies efficiency-guided agent design from three core components: memory, tool learning, and planning.

We provide a curated paper list to help readers quickly locate representative work, along with lightweight notes on how each topic connects to efficiency.

  • Efficient Memory. We organize memory-related papers into three processes: construction, management, and access.
  • Efficient Tool Learning. We group papers into tool selection, tool calling, and tool-integrated reasoning.
  • Efficient Planning. We collect work on planning that improves overall agent efficiency by reducing unnecessary actions and shortening trajectories.

introduction-picture

🧾Paper List

📂 Table of Contents(click to expand/collapse)

🧠Memory

paper-memory-picture

In the paper, we organize memory into construction, management, and access. Since many papers overlap across these stages, this README is primarily organized around memory construction to avoid redundancy.

Working Memory

Textual Memory

Latent Memory

External Memory

Item-based Memory
Graph-based Memory

Hierarchical Memory

Multi-Agent Memory

Shared Memory

Local Memory

Mixed Memory

🛠️Tool Learning

tool-learning

Tool Selection

External Retriever

Multi-Label Classification (MLC)

Vocabulary-based Retrieval

Tool Calling

In-Place Parameter Filling

Parallel Tool Calling

Cost-Aware Tool Calling

Efficient Test-Time Scaling

Efficient Tool Calling with Post-training

Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR)

Selective Invocation

Cost-Aware Policy Optimization

🧩Planning

planning

Single-Agent Planning Efficiency

Adaptive Budgeting and Control

Structured Search

Task Decomposition

Policy Optimization

Memory and Skill Acquisition

Multi-Agent Collaborative Efficiency

Topological Efficiency and Sparsification

Protocol and Context Optimization

Distilling Coordination into Planning

📑Related Surveys

Given that our work mainly focuses on efficiency, which is rooted in effectiveness, we’ve gathered a list of related survey papers to offer a complementary perspective. We hope this will help bring visibility to some valuable surveys that deserve more attention.💡

Memory Survey

Tool Learning Survey

Planning and Reasoning Survey

📌Citation

If you find this survey useful, please cite:

@misc{yang2026efficientagentsmemorytool,
      title={Toward Efficient Agents: Memory, Tool learning, and Planning}, 
      author={Xiaofang Yang and Lijun Li and Heng Zhou and Tong Zhu and Xiaoye Qu and Yuchen Fan and Qianshan Wei and Rui Ye and Li Kang and Yiran Qin and Zhiqiang Kou and Daizong Liu and Qi Li and Ning Ding and Siheng Chen and Jing Shao},
      year={2026},
      eprint={2601.14192},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.AI},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.14192}, 
}

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