OppyDev

OppyDev is a collaborative AI agent designed to elevate coding experiences by assisting developers in understanding and writing code efficiently. It utilizes cutting-edge AI technology to empower developers, allowing them to customize AI suggestions and enhance their coding capabilities. OppyDev seamlessly integrates into workflows, providing a user-friendly interface optimized for collaboration with an AI agent.

Azna AI is an AI application designed to provide personalized AI Copilot solutions for enterprises. It helps in overcoming challenges related to accuracy, latency, and security in managing AI Copilots. The application empowers organizations by enabling them to build, customize, and deploy their own specialized Copilots tailored to unique needs and responsibilities. Azna AI offers a no-code solution to create task-specific Copilots, integrate with enterprise apps, and enhance productivity across various roles.

Suppa is an AI tool that empowers businesses by providing a platform to design AI backends and customized chatbots without any coding. It allows users to integrate AI into their mobile apps easily and connect to various systems. With multi-source data capabilities and a no-code AI chatbot builder, Suppa simplifies the process of creating powerful AI solutions for businesses.

Zive is an Enterprise AI Platform that offers a suite of AI-powered tools to enhance business operations. It provides solutions for knowledge management, AI agents creation, enterprise search, and more. Zive aims to empower teams with AI capabilities to streamline workflows, automate tasks, and improve productivity.

Microsoft AI is an advanced artificial intelligence solution that offers a wide range of AI-powered tools and services for businesses and individuals. It provides innovative AI solutions to enhance productivity, creativity, and connectivity across various industries. With a focus on responsible AI practices, Microsoft AI aims to empower organizations to leverage AI technology effectively and securely.

OAI UI is an all-in-one AI platform designed to streamline various AI-related tasks. It offers a user-friendly interface that allows users to easily interact with AI technologies. The platform integrates multiple AI capabilities, such as natural language processing, machine learning, and computer vision, to provide a comprehensive solution for businesses and individuals looking to leverage AI in their workflows.

Crawl AI is a web-based platform that simplifies the process of building custom AI assistants for users without technical expertise. It integrates web crawling and scraping capabilities with AI assistant development, allowing users to create custom assistants tailored to their needs. The platform automatically gathers and structures data from the web or user-uploaded sources, enabling users to train AI models and fine-tune assistant behavior. Crawl AI offers features like web scraping, AI integration, data customization, adjustable AI settings, and more.

Codeligence is an AI tool that enables users to connect their code with artificial intelligence. The platform offers chat and automation features to streamline the integration of AI into coding projects. With Codeligence, users can easily incorporate AI functionalities into their applications, enhancing their capabilities and efficiency.

Gen AI For Enterprise is an AI application that offers a secure, scalable, and customizable platform for enterprises. It provides a private chat feature, enhanced knowledge retrieval, and custom business case development. The application is trusted by various industries and empowers teams to work better by leveraging advanced AI models and APIs. It ensures robust security, compliance with industry standards, and simplified user management. Gen AI For Enterprise aims to transform businesses by providing innovative AI solutions.

Cubeo AI is a no-code AI Assistant builder that allows users to create their own AI Team with diverse capabilities. Users can build AI Agents for various tasks like research, content creation, talent acquisition, and more. The platform offers pre-built AI Agents and the ability to customize AI Assistants using different formats like PDFs, Docx, MP3s, and videos. Cubeo AI aims to streamline business operations, boost productivity, and enhance customer engagement through automated solutions.

Humanize AI Text is a cutting-edge AI tool that offers a free AI humanizer to help users bypass AI detection systems. The tool utilizes advanced algorithmic technology to analyze and replicate human writing patterns, ensuring undetectable text. With a focus on enhancing user experience, Humanize AI Text is designed to assist individuals in various industries to improve their content quality and effectiveness.

CloudApper AI is an advanced AI platform that helps businesses build, integrate, and deploy AI solutions seamlessly. The platform offers a holistic system comprising Generative AI, Workflows, and Integration components to enhance decision-making, automate processes, and synchronize data with existing enterprise systems. CloudApper AI aims to democratize AI by providing cutting-edge AI/LLM technology, seamless integration capability, and secure data handling without the need for extensive programming skills. The platform empowers businesses to stay ahead in the digital landscape by leveraging advanced technologies and ensuring every developer can leverage AI to transform legacy processes.

Fractional AI is an AI tool that specializes in developing AI-powered solutions for various applications, such as automating content moderation, building API integrations, and personalizing learning experiences. The tool leverages advanced AI models like GPT 4o and GPT 3.5 to provide efficient and effective solutions for complex tasks. Fractional AI aims to bridge the gap between AI development and production by offering tailored AI solutions to meet specific business needs.

Nerority AI is an advanced AI application that offers bespoke AI services and solutions for businesses and individuals. It provides personalized AI consulting, prompt engineering, and AI solution design to empower users with cutting-edge AI capabilities. The application focuses on leveraging the latest AI technologies, such as GPT-4, to deliver innovative solutions tailored to meet specific needs and goals. With a dual focus on businesses and individuals, Nerority AI aims to drive growth, streamline processes, and enhance personal growth through adaptive and future-ready AI solutions.

Mindset AI is an AI tool that enables users to create AI agents in seconds using simple language. It helps speed up teams' work by allowing the creation of AI agents without the need for coding. Users can write, retrieve information, brainstorm, and more securely using their company's knowledge in a collaborative workspace. Mindset AI offers features such as AI agent builder, integrated knowledge banks, guided conversational search, capabilities for process description, and AI model selector.

LibreChat is an open-source AI application designed for AI conversations. It offers a customizable interface compatible with various AI providers. The platform allows users to execute code in multiple languages securely, select AI models, create React and HTML code, analyze images, and search for messages and files instantly. LibreChat aims to provide a seamless experience for users engaging in AI-related tasks.

TolyGPT is an AI-powered chatbot that is specifically trained on the Solana validator codebase. It can read an entire codebase and generate documentation, making it a valuable tool for developers seeking information about how the validator works. The core of TolyGPT is open source as Autodoc, and it is powered by the GPT-3.5 model. Users can interact with TolyGPT to ask questions and receive answers related to the Solana validator codebase.

Luminal is a powerful AI copilot that enables users to clean, transform, and analyze spreadsheets 10x faster. It offers fast and efficient data analysis capabilities, allowing users to perform editing operations, answer complex questions, and run AI-enabled operations using natural language. Luminal simplifies data processing tasks, saving users time and effort. The application supports multiple languages, ensures secure data hosting with encryption, and offers flexible pricing plans to cater to different user needs.

AIJ is an AI tool designed to streamline the job application process by automating tasks such as job search, application submission, and answering frequently asked questions. Users can save time and energy by letting AIJ handle these tasks efficiently. The tool also allows users to correct AI mistakes and learn from them, improving the overall job application experience.

Jeffrey Célavie is an AI astrology service that offers personalized astrology readings based on Western, Vedic, and Chinese astrology. The platform utilizes advanced AI capabilities, including the latest GPT-4O mini integration, to provide real-time predictions and comprehensive analysis. With a user-friendly interface and interactive chatbot, Jeffrey Célavie aims to guide users through life's twists and turns by offering affordable and accurate astrological insights.

Kapa.ai is an AI-powered platform that provides instant answers to technical questions by transforming knowledge bases into reliable chatbots. Trusted by leading teams like OpenAI, Docker, and Reddit, Kapa.ai offers a self-service platform to build and manage custom AI assistants, deploy AI chatbots in various channels, and optimize documentation with analytics. With over 40 technical source connectors and LLM-optimized knowledge sources, Kapa.ai helps organizations improve user experience, reduce support tickets, and enhance product decisions.

Mathly is an AI-powered homework help tool that enables students to learn in a better, smarter, and faster way. By using AI technology, Mathly can solve math problems, provide explanations, generate practice problems, and personalize learning experiences based on the user's learning style. It aims to revolutionize the way students approach homework and understanding mathematical concepts.

MindVault is a tool that allows you to create your own personalized ChatGPT. With MindVault, you can add your own source URL and ask ChatGPT questions about the content. This makes it a powerful tool for learning and research.

TextSynth is an AI tool that provides access to large language models such as Mistral, Llama, Stable Diffusion, Whisper for text-to-image, text-to-speech, and speech-to-text capabilities via a REST API and playground. It employs custom inference code for faster inference on standard GPUs and CPUs. Founded in 2020, TextSynth was among the first to offer access to the GPT-2 language model. The service is free with rate limitations, and users can opt for custom support at a small cost per request. All servers are located in France.

Anote is a human-centered AI company that provides a suite of products and services to help businesses improve their data quality and build better AI models. Anote's products include a data labeler, a private chatbot, a model inference API, and a lead generation tool. Anote's services include data annotation, model training, and consulting.

Jamie is a personal AI note-taking tool designed to save time and enhance productivity by automatically taking detailed meeting notes, answering questions, and automating tasks. Trusted by over 20,000 professionals, Jamie is GDPR compliant, available in 20+ languages, and prioritizes privacy. It helps users summarize meetings, find answers instantly, and automate follow-up tasks seamlessly across various platforms.

Brain Buddy is an AI-powered tutoring platform that provides tailored assistance for educational, professional, and personal development. It offers instant help, answers, and reports tailored to the user's needs. Brain Buddy is designed to cater to users of all ages and skill levels, providing personalized assistance to help them grow and improve in their work, studies, or personal interests. The platform can assist with a wide range of subjects and topics, generate comprehensive reports, essays, or articles, and ensure the security of users' personal information.

ExperAI is an AI tool that allows users to share knowledge using chatbots and create digital personalities capable of answering questions, expressing emotions, and providing fun experiences. It offers a new way to engage audiences by giving content a voice through personality-enabled chatbots that are easily shareable with just one click.

Dewey is an AI accountability buddy application designed to help users manage their to-do lists, develop new habits, and stay organized and productive. By sending text message reminders and providing personalized nudges, Dewey aims to assist users in achieving their goals efficiently. The application allows users to converse with their to-do lists, receive reminders, and get answers to simple questions, all through SMS messages. Dewey is a free tool that offers a 'Best Friends' plan for unlimited tasks and additional perks in the future.

Sheriff is a Slack bot that helps you save time with rotating rosters and AI language understanding. It allows you to create a rotating roster of users in a channel that will become the designated @sheriff for a period of time. Whenever a user comes into this channel, they can tag @sheriff which will in turn notify the current user in the roster. This simple functionality can be used in multiple ways: Sheriff acting as the first point of contact for any questions from outside the team, Use sheriff in a support channel to answer incoming questions, Use sheriff to track a recurring role that cycles between team members.

Teno is an intelligent Discord bot designed to assist with meetings and tasks. It can understand meeting content, perform tasks, and answer questions. With a suite of easy-to-use commands, Teno simplifies the meeting process and can be integrated with other Discord apps. Teno is a versatile tool that can serve as a meeting assistant or simply engage in casual chat. Developed by Deab Labs, Teno aims to streamline communication and collaboration within Discord communities.

Keywrds.ai is an AI-powered SEO tool that helps users find keywords that their competition may only dream of. By utilizing their AI engine, users can deep dive into any niche and uncover the keywords their target audience is searching for. The tool also allows users to automate answering Google 'People Also Ask' questions, generate unique questions and topics for articles, and build authority within their niche by creating topic clusters. Keywrds.ai provides features such as unlimited projects, AI-generated keywords, questions/topics, blog post outlines, and more to assist users in making informed decisions and driving qualified traffic to their website.

Madlad is an AI-powered community moderation bot designed to assist Discord communities in managing and moderating user interactions. It offers a range of features such as training the bot, adding it to chat, and observing its human-like behavior. With over 27.6K members across 5 communities, Madlad provides personalized community moderation services that operate 24/7, ensuring efficient and effective community management. The bot can answer questions, moderate discussions, and adapt to specific community needs, making it a valuable tool for community administrators and moderators.

AskRobert is an AI-powered virtual assistant that helps users with a wide range of tasks, from answering questions to providing personalized recommendations. The platform leverages natural language processing and machine learning algorithms to understand user queries and deliver accurate responses in real-time. With its user-friendly interface, AskRobert aims to simplify daily tasks and enhance productivity by offering quick and reliable assistance.

ThinkForce is a cutting-edge AI chatbot powered by GPT-4 technology. It offers a comprehensive suite of features designed to enhance productivity, streamline workflows, and provide instant access to information. With ThinkForce, businesses can eliminate guesswork, build a secure knowledge base, integrate with their favorite apps, boost employee efficiency, provide support and troubleshoot issues, and brainstorm ideas. Its seamless integration capabilities and advanced cognitive abilities make it an invaluable tool for businesses looking to leverage AI for growth and innovation.

AskMyDocs.ai is an AI tool designed to save time and money on customer and employee support by allowing users to ask questions and get precise, instant answers straight from their documentation sources. The tool offers various integrations with platforms like Zendesk, Gitbook, Sitemap, PDF, and Slack, enabling users to transform their knowledge base into an intelligent resource. AskMyDocs.ai provides features such as resource savings calculator, integrations with multiple platforms, and a chatbot for quick and precise responses. The tool offers different pricing plans catering to different business sizes and needs, with options for custom features and support SLAs.

Chippy is an AI ChatGPT Chrome extension that allows users to access ChatGPT's capabilities directly within their browser. It enables users to summarize, research, translate, and answer questions without the need to switch tabs. Chippy offers easy input methods, suggested prompts, focused search on the current page, and an email assistant feature. Users can enjoy twenty free GPT-3.5 queries daily, with the option to upgrade for more queries or to use GPT-4. Chippy prioritizes user privacy by storing data locally and not tracking browser history. It supports Google Chrome and Chromium-based browsers.

Kindbuds.ai is a platform that allows users to create, train, and deploy custom AI bots. With Kindbuds.ai, users can build bots for a variety of purposes, including customer service, marketing, and sales. Kindbuds.ai also offers an AI Marketplace, where users can buy and sell pre-trained bots.

Bloc is an AI-powered chat assistant application that enables users to create and share chatbots effortlessly. It helps in enhancing sales and support experiences by providing exceptional customer support, automating repetitive tasks, and integrating with various apps like Notion, Google Drive, Figma, and Slack. With Bloc, users can centralize their knowledge base, automate frequently asked questions, and revolutionize team productivity through Q/A. The application is designed to empower businesses by leveraging AI chatbots to increase sales, boost customer satisfaction, and streamline operations.

Doctrine is an AI-powered application that allows users to add AI-powered Q&A features to their apps in minutes. It leverages knowledge from data or knowledge bases to answer user questions or embed AI features. With the ability to ingest content from various sources like websites, documents, and images, Doctrine simplifies the process of knowledge extraction and enables seamless integration of AI capabilities into applications.

Neurelo is a cloud API platform that offers services for PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and MySQL. It provides features such as auto-generated APIs, custom query APIs with AI assistance, query observability, schema as code, and the ability to build full-stack applications in minutes. Neurelo aims to empower developers by simplifying database programming complexities and enhancing productivity. The platform leverages the power of cloud technology, APIs, and AI to offer a seamless and efficient way to build and run applications.

STELLARWITS is an AI solutions and software platform that empowers users to explore cutting-edge technology and innovation. The platform offers AI models with versatile capabilities, ranging from content generation to data analysis to problem-solving. Users can engage directly with the technology, experiencing its power in real-time. With a focus on transforming ideas into technology, STELLARWITS provides tailored solutions in software and AI development, delivering intelligent systems and machine learning models for innovative and efficient solutions. The platform also features a download hub with a curated selection of solutions to enhance the digital experience. Through blogs and company information, users can delve deeper into the narrative of STELLARWITS, exploring its mission, vision, and commitment to reshaping the tech landscape.

FPrime AI is an AI application that aims to redefine Artificial Intelligence for enterprises by bridging the AI gap and empowering organizations of all sizes to leverage the transformative potential of AI. The application addresses common challenges such as the lack of AI vision, difficulty in finding and retaining AI talent, and data dilemmas. FPrime AI follows a customer-centric approach to tailor AI solutions, provide continuous support, and democratize access to AI knowledge and applications. The solution includes advanced AI technologies, automation tools, and analytics capabilities, with a team of AI experts and domain specialists collaborating closely with clients to address industry-specific needs and goals.

Cohere is the leading AI platform for enterprise, offering products optimized for generative AI, search and discovery, and advanced retrieval. Their models are designed to enhance the global workforce, enabling businesses to thrive in the AI era. Cohere provides Command R+, Cohere Command, Cohere Embed, and Cohere Rerank for building efficient AI-powered applications. The platform also offers deployment options for enterprise-grade AI on any cloud or on-premises, along with developer resources like Playground, LLM University, and Developer Docs.

Provectus is an Artificial Intelligence consultancy and solutions provider that helps businesses achieve their objectives through AI. They offer AI solutions that can be integrated into organizations through use case and platform approaches. Their solutions differentiate themselves by offering no license fees, open and certified architecture, cloud-native but vendor-agnostic solutions, turnkey solutions, and AI consulting and customization services. Provectus has successfully transformed industries such as insurance underwriting, digital banking, retail, healthcare, and manufacturing through their Generative AI technology.

The website is an AI tool that focuses on investing in startups, leading rounds from seed to growth, and sponsoring an accelerator for seed-stage AI companies. It also runs a supercomputer for AI startups and has made investments in various companies. The team behind the tool includes Nat Friedman, Daniel Gross, Hersh Desai, and Lenny Bogdonoff. In addition to investments, the tool is involved in giving grants to open source AI projects and other activities like reading the Herculaneum papyrii and building a city in North America.

Maven is an AI-powered platform offering live, online courses for professionals in various fields such as product design, engineering, marketing, business, leadership, and investing. The platform provides interactive cohorts with high student engagement, hands-on projects, and up-to-date case studies to help professionals acquire practical skills for immediate application in their jobs. Maven's curated frameworks and expert feedback aim to accelerate career growth by condensing years of operating experience into weeks. With a focus on AI-related courses, Maven offers certifications and training programs to help individuals confidently build AI products and lead AI organizations.

Pinecone is a vector database designed to build knowledgeable AI applications. It offers a serverless platform with high capacity and low cost, enabling users to perform low-latency vector search for various AI tasks. Pinecone is easy to start and scale, allowing users to create an account, upload vector embeddings, and retrieve relevant data quickly. The platform combines vector search with metadata filters and keyword boosting for better application performance. Pinecone is secure, reliable, and cloud-native, making it suitable for powering mission-critical AI applications.

SingleStore is a real-time data platform designed for apps, analytics, and gen AI. It offers faster hybrid vector + full-text search, fast-scaling integrations, and a free tier. SingleStore can read, write, and reason on petabyte-scale data in milliseconds. It supports streaming ingestion, high concurrency, first-class vector support, record lookups, and more.

LangChain is an AI tool that offers a suite of products supporting developers in the LLM application lifecycle. It provides a framework to construct LLM-powered apps easily, visibility into app performance, and a turnkey solution for serving APIs. LangChain enables developers to build context-aware, reasoning applications and future-proof their applications by incorporating vendor optionality. LangSmith, a part of LangChain, helps teams improve accuracy and performance, iterate faster, and ship new AI features efficiently. The tool is designed to drive operational efficiency, increase discovery & personalization, and deliver premium products that generate revenue.

Vapi is a Voice AI tool designed specifically for developers. It enables developers to interact with their code using voice commands, making the coding process more efficient and hands-free. With Vapi, developers can perform various tasks such as writing code, debugging, and running tests simply by speaking. The tool is equipped with advanced natural language processing capabilities to accurately interpret and execute voice commands. Vapi aims to revolutionize the way developers work by providing a seamless and intuitive coding experience.

Senior AI is a platform that leverages Artificial Intelligence to help individuals and companies develop and manage software products more efficiently and securely. It offers codebase awareness, bug analysis, security optimization, and productivity enhancements, making software development faster and more reliable. The platform provides different pricing tiers suitable for individuals, power users, small teams, growing teams, and large teams, with the option for enterprise solutions. Senior AI aims to supercharge software development with an AI-first approach, guiding users through the development process and providing tailored code suggestions and security insights.

System1 is an industry-leading responsive acquisition marketing platform powered by AI and machine learning. Their Responsive Acquisition Marketing Platform (RAMP) is omni-channel and omni-vertical, designed for a privacy-centric world. It enables building powerful brands, developing privacy-focused products, and delivering high-intent customers to advertising partners. System1 is a technology company with a team of engineers, product managers, data scientists, and experts in the field. They focus on Best-In-Class hiring and business acquisition to achieve their ambitious goals.

The Stack Overflow Blog is a platform that provides insights, updates, and discussions on various topics related to software development, technology, AI/ML, and career advice. It offers a space for developers and technologists to collaborate, share knowledge, and engage with the community. The blog covers a wide range of subjects, including product releases, podcast episodes, and industry trends. Users can explore articles, podcasts, and announcements to stay informed and connected with the tech community.

Vectorize is a fast, accurate, and production-ready AI tool that helps users turn unstructured data into optimized vector search indexes. It leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to create copilots and enhance customer experiences by extracting natural language from various sources. With built-in support for top AI platforms and a variety of embedding models and chunking strategies, Vectorize enables users to deploy real-time vector pipelines for accurate search results. The tool also offers out-of-the-box connectors to popular knowledge repositories and collaboration platforms, making it easy to transform knowledge into AI-generated content.

aimlapi.com is an AI tool that offers 100+ AI models accessible via one API. It provides developers with a wide range of AI models for various tasks such as chat, language, image generation, and code processing. The platform is designed to be user-friendly, cost-efficient, and scalable, making it suitable for developers of all levels. With a focus on transparency, affordability, and compatibility with OpenAI, aimlapi.com aims to provide high-quality AI solutions to its users.

Databricks is a data and AI company that offers a Data Intelligence Platform to help users succeed with AI by developing generative AI applications, democratizing insights, and driving down costs. The platform maintains data lineage, quality, control, and privacy across the entire AI workflow, enabling users to create, tune, and deploy generative AI models. Databricks caters to industry leaders, providing tools and integrations to speed up success in data and AI. The company offers resources such as support, training, and community engagement to help users succeed in their data and AI journey.

The website features Grok-1.5, an AI application that bridges the gap between the digital and physical worlds through its multimodal model. Grok-1.5 boasts enhanced reasoning capabilities and a context length of 128,000 tokens. Additionally, the platform offers PromptIDE, an IDE for prompt engineering and interpretability research, allowing users to create and share complex prompts in Python. Grok, an AI modeled after the Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, is also available on the site, providing answers to a wide range of questions and even suggesting relevant queries. The platform aims to facilitate knowledge sharing and exploration through advanced AI technologies.

Infrabase.ai is a directory of AI infrastructure products that helps users discover and explore a wide range of tools for building world-class AI products. The platform offers a comprehensive directory of products in categories such as Vector databases, Prompt engineering, Observability & Analytics, Inference APIs, Frameworks & Stacks, Fine-tuning, Audio, and Agents. Users can find tools for tasks like data storage, model development, performance monitoring, and more, making it a valuable resource for AI projects.

Derwen is an open-source integration platform for production machine learning in enterprise, specializing in natural language processing, graph technologies, and decision support. It offers expertise in developing knowledge graph applications and domain-specific authoring. Derwen collaborates closely with Hugging Face and provides strong data privacy guarantees, low carbon footprint, and no cloud vendor involvement. The platform aims to empower AI engineers and domain experts with quality, time-to-value, and ownership since 2017.

Union.ai is an infrastructure platform designed for AI, ML, and data workloads. It offers a scalable MLOps platform that optimizes resources, reduces costs, and fosters collaboration among team members. Union.ai provides features such as declarative infrastructure, data lineage tracking, accelerated datasets, and more to streamline AI orchestration on Kubernetes. It aims to simplify the management of AI, ML, and data workflows in production environments by addressing complexities and offering cost-effective strategies.

SoundHound AI is a global leader in conversational intelligence, providing voice AI solutions for businesses to offer exceptional conversational experiences to their customers. Their proprietary technology enables best-in-class speed and accuracy in multiple languages across automotive, TV, IoT, and customer service industries. SoundHound offers innovative AI-driven products like Smart Answering, Smart Ordering, and Dynamic Interaction™, a real-time customer service interface. With SoundHound Chat AI, a powerful voice assistant integrated with Generative AI, the company powers millions of products and services, handling billions of interactions annually for top-tier businesses.

Attri is a leading Generative AI application specialized in custom AI solutions for enterprises. It harnesses the power of Generative AI and Foundation Models to drive innovation and accelerate digital transformation. Attri offers a range of AI solutions for various industries, focusing on responsible AI deployment and ethical innovation.

ALIAgents.ai is a platform that enables users to create and monetize AI agents on the blockchain. Users can design and deploy their own AI agents for various tasks such as customer service, data analysis, and more. The platform provides tools and resources to facilitate the development and deployment of AI agents, allowing users to tap into the potential of AI technology in a decentralized and secure manner.