GPT CLI

GPT CLI is an all-in-one AI tool that allows users to build their own AI command-line interface tools using ChatGPT. It provides various plugins such as AI Commit, AI Command, AI Translate, and more, enabling users to streamline their workflow and automate tasks through natural language commands. With GPT CLI, users can easily generate Git commit messages, execute commands, translate text, and perform various other AI-powered tasks directly from the command line.

OAI UI is an all-in-one AI platform designed to streamline various AI-related tasks. It offers a user-friendly interface that allows users to easily interact with AI technologies. The platform integrates multiple AI capabilities, such as natural language processing, machine learning, and computer vision, to provide a comprehensive solution for businesses and individuals looking to leverage AI in their workflows.

Zazzani AI Buddy is an AI-powered platform that empowers users to create, debug code, write articles, and communicate with AI in multiple languages. It enhances productivity by generating ideas, providing context-specific answers, and eliminating monotony through automated tasks. Users can sign up to receive updates and contribute to the platform's growth. Zazzani AI Buddy aims to streamline workflows and inspire creativity through its innovative AI capabilities.

Cubeo AI is a no-code AI Assistant builder that allows users to create their own AI Team with diverse capabilities. Users can build AI Agents for various tasks like research, content creation, talent acquisition, and more. The platform offers pre-built AI Agents and the ability to customize AI Assistants using different formats like PDFs, Docx, MP3s, and videos. Cubeo AI aims to streamline business operations, boost productivity, and enhance customer engagement through automated solutions.

Suppa is an AI tool that empowers businesses by providing a platform to design AI backends and customized chatbots without any coding. It allows users to integrate AI into their mobile apps easily and connect to various systems. With multi-source data capabilities and a no-code AI chatbot builder, Suppa simplifies the process of creating powerful AI solutions for businesses.

CursorLens is an open-source dashboard designed to provide insights for AI-assisted coding within the Cursor.sh IDE. It allows users to log AI code generations, track usage, and control AI models, including local ones. Users can run CursorLens locally or utilize the upcoming hosted version for enhanced convenience and efficiency.

OppyDev is a collaborative AI agent designed to elevate coding experiences by assisting developers in understanding and writing code efficiently. It utilizes cutting-edge AI technology to empower developers, allowing them to customize AI suggestions and enhance their coding capabilities. OppyDev seamlessly integrates into workflows, providing a user-friendly interface optimized for collaboration with an AI agent.

Codeligence is an AI tool that enables users to connect their code with artificial intelligence. The platform offers chat and automation features to streamline the integration of AI into coding projects. With Codeligence, users can easily incorporate AI functionalities into their applications, enhancing their capabilities and efficiency.

Floom.ai is an AI Marketplace for apps that allows users to easily add AI functions to their applications in just 5 minutes, without requiring any prior AI knowledge. The platform offers a variety of AI functions developed by the community, such as text translation, classification, summarization, keyword extraction, social media post generation, code explanation, code conversion, code improvement, physical address extraction, and SQL query generation. Floom.ai aims to empower developers and businesses to enhance their applications with AI capabilities through a user-friendly and efficient marketplace.

Kipps.AI is an AI tool that allows users to create their own AI assistant in just 2 minutes and seamlessly integrate it into their business operations. Users can build their AI assistant using various data sources such as PDFs, Notion, website links, and text, with Kipps.AI handling the technical aspects. The tool offers a powerful suite of features and integrations with popular platforms like GoDaddy, Wordpress, Druple, Squarespace, Magento, and Wix, making it easy for businesses to leverage AI technology for improved efficiency and customer experience.

Myple is an AI application that enables users to build, scale, and secure AI applications with ease. It provides production-ready AI solutions tailored to individual needs, offering a seamless user experience. With support for multiple languages and frameworks, Myple simplifies the integration of AI through open-source SDKs. The platform features a clean interface, keyboard shortcuts for efficient navigation, and templates to kickstart AI projects. Additionally, Myple offers AI-powered tools like RAG chatbot for documentation, Gmail agent for email notifications, and AskFeynman for physics-related queries. Users can connect their favorite tools and services effortlessly, without any coding. Joining the beta program grants early access to new features and issue resolution prioritization.

AI-PRO.org is an artificial intelligence resource website that serves as the ultimate destination for learning and discovering all things AI. From the latest technologies and trends to expert insights and resources, users can find everything they need to maximize their AI knowledge and skills. Whether beginners or professionals, AI-PRO covers a wide range of AI topics, including image AI, AI chatbots, AI text generators, and much more, catering to a diverse audience seeking to enhance their understanding and proficiency in artificial intelligence.

Synterrix is an advanced AI tool designed for Google Sheets, offering features like fine-tuned AI models, bulk processing of prompts and image URLs, autocomplete tasks with AI, scraping text from URLs, and generating formulas with AI. It aims to enhance productivity and efficiency by providing AI-powered solutions for various tasks within Google Sheets, catering to both large teams and lean teams with tight budgets.

Comflowy is an AI tool that empowers users to intervene with AI through a workflow approach to achieve better results. It allows users to control the AI's output by connecting nodes and utilizing various open-source AI models and plugins. The tool supports image and video generation, offers a flexible workflow mode, and is designed to be easy to use and learn. Comflowy also provides templates, tutorials, and workflow management features to streamline the AI workflow process.

Glama is an all-in-one AI workspace that allows users to upload, analyze, and visualize data. It provides access to various AI models with a single account, offering features like agents, MCP, prompt templates, and more. Users can compare AI responses, transform text into diagrams, solve math problems, and stay updated with new AI models. Glama ensures data security, seamless teamwork, and compatibility with OpenAI API.

Outfit AI is an AI tool that enables users to design and deploy AI models or workflows as user-ready applications in minutes. It allows users to create custom user interfaces for their AI-powered apps by dropping in an API key from Replicate or Hugging Face. With Outfit AI, users can have creative control over the design of their apps, build complex workflows without any code, and optimize prompts for better performance. The tool aims to help users launch their models faster, save time, and enhance their AI applications with a built-in product copilot.

GPT CLI is an all-in-one AI tool that allows users to build their own AI command-line interface tools using ChatGPT. It provides various plugins such as AI Commit, AI Command, AI Translate, and more, enabling users to streamline their workflow and automate tasks through natural language commands. With GPT CLI, users can easily generate Git commit messages, execute commands, translate text, and perform various other AI-powered tasks directly from the command line.

DashAI is a Chrome extension that provides instant access to ChatGPT on every webpage. It offers a range of features to enhance productivity, including a side chat, webpage summarization, AI quick actions, audio transcriptions, and AI text expansion. With DashAI, users can interact with ChatGPT directly from any webpage, execute AI commands, and generate AI-generated content. The extension also includes a large library of prompts and customizable shortcuts for ease of use.

CommandAI is a powerful command line utility tool that leverages the capabilities of artificial intelligence to enhance user experience and productivity. It allows users to interact with the command line interface using natural language commands, making it easier for both beginners and experienced users to perform complex tasks efficiently. With CommandAI, users can streamline their workflow, automate repetitive tasks, and access advanced features through simple text-based interactions. The tool is designed to simplify the command line experience and provide intelligent assistance to users in executing commands and managing their system effectively.

GitPoet is an AI-powered tool that generates meaningful and accurate git commit messages based on your git diff. It utilizes advanced AI technology, specifically ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 pro, to streamline your workflow and save you valuable time. With GitPoet, users can easily create automated commit messages by simply pasting their git diff output.

MachineTranslation.com is a platform dedicated to making machine translation accessible and reliable for everyone. Leveraging the latest advances in AI and machine learning, the platform offers accurate translation services in a wide range of languages. The team behind MachineTranslation.com consists of experienced linguists, researchers, and engineers who have developed a solution to empower effective communication through technology.

Triplo AI is an AI-powered assistant designed to enhance productivity by providing real-time assistance, content generation, context-aware translations, and automation features. It supports over 200 languages, integrates with various tools, and offers customizable prompts to meet diverse needs. Users can access Triplo AI on multiple operating systems and devices, making it a versatile and powerful tool for researchers, content writers, business professionals, and more.

TextSynth is an AI tool that provides access to large language models such as Mistral, Llama, Stable Diffusion, Whisper for text-to-image, text-to-speech, and speech-to-text capabilities through a REST API and a playground. It employs custom inference code for faster inference on standard GPUs and CPUs. Founded in 2020, TextSynth was among the first to offer access to the GPT-2 language model. The service is free with rate limitations, and users can opt for custom support at an additional cost. All servers are located in France.

CheatGPT is an AI-powered virtual study assistant designed to help students with their academic queries. It offers fast and accurate answers to a wide range of questions, covering various subjects. The application utilizes advanced AI models like GPT-4o and Claude 3.5 Sonnet to provide personalized assistance to users. In addition to text-based queries, CheatGPT also supports image-based questions, translations, and grammar corrections. With a user-friendly interface, CheatGPT aims to enhance the learning experience for students worldwide.

WizBoard is an AI keyboard and chat app that offers seamless integration into various apps and writing workflows. It is designed around the concept of AI-powered text transformation tools called Spells. Users can experience the convenience of having a personal writing assistant for tasks like writing emails, analyzing documents, and posting on social media. With a vast library of spells for different scenarios and advanced spell editing features, WizBoard aims to boost productivity and creativity. The app also supports multi-format message rendering and offers various subscription plans for users' convenience.

Chippy is an AI ChatGPT Chrome extension that allows users to access ChatGPT's capabilities directly within their browser. It enables users to summarize, research, translate, and answer questions without the need to switch tabs. Chippy offers easy input methods, suggested prompts, focused search on the current page, and an email assistant feature. Users can enjoy twenty free GPT-3.5 queries daily, with the option to upgrade for more queries or to use GPT-4. Chippy prioritizes user privacy by storing data locally and not tracking browser history. It supports Google Chrome and Chromium-based browsers.

Torq AI is an advanced productivity assistant powered by ChatGPT, designed to revolutionize productivity through AI assistance. It offers features such as efficient email communication, powerful text processing, integrated ChatGPT and Google searches, and data insights. Torq AI aims to make users 200x more productive by providing seamless and interactive AI-powered solutions.

ChatDocuments is an AI-powered document interaction tool that enables users to transform their documents into interactive chats. With support for various file formats like PDF, PPTX, XLSX, and DOCX, users can easily chat with their documents in multiple languages. The application offers AI-powered features for easy and secure document interaction, making it a convenient tool for students, recruiters, lawyers, and anyone looking to enhance their document collaboration experience.

Wordvice is a free AI writing assistant and text editor that offers a suite of AI tools to enhance writing quality. It includes AI proofreader, paraphraser, translator, summarizer, plagiarism checker, and detector. The platform caters to authors, researchers, students, content writers, and enterprises, providing comprehensive editing and feedback services. Users can access basic tools for free or upgrade to premium plans for advanced features and unlimited word count. Wordvice AI aims to improve writing accuracy, style, and vocabulary while ensuring authenticity and avoiding plagiarism.

Scribewave is an AI-powered online transcription tool that allows users to automatically transcribe audio and video files into text. It supports over 90 languages and dialects, offers accurate transcription with speaker recognition, and provides features like subtitles generation, audio-to-video conversion, and translations to multiple languages. Scribewave is designed to simplify content conversion, saving users time and enabling them to focus on more critical tasks.

FixMeBot is an AI-powered Language Assistant that automatically corrects mistakes, paraphrases, translates, and offers various language-related features. With support for over 90 languages, it helps users enhance their communication by providing accurate and efficient language assistance. The tool is available as a browser extension and a Telegram chatbot, making it convenient for users to access its features. FixMeBot aims to improve writing quality, save time, and expand language skills through its AI-generated suggestions and translations.

Flot AI is an AI-powered writing, reading, and memorization tool that seamlessly integrates into your daily workflow. It is backed by OpenAI and designed to assist users across various apps and websites. With features like AI memory, grammar correction, composing drafts, and expert prompts, Flot AI aims to enhance users' productivity and creativity. The application supports over 200 languages and offers a universal solution for writing and memory tasks at a competitive price point.

slAItor is an AI translation assistant powered by GPT technology. It offers advanced translation features and customization options to enhance the translation experience. Users can benefit from step-by-step translations, multiple translation alternatives, and unique translation styles. The tool supports 28 language pairs and combines recent AI advancements with traditional translation techniques to deliver accurate and efficient translations. slAItor also provides post-processing and evaluation steps to ensure translation quality and offers a user-friendly interface for seamless translation management.

Free AI Assistant is a comprehensive AI-powered platform that offers a suite of over 70 tools to enhance productivity and automate tasks. It utilizes cutting-edge AI technologies such as OpenAI's GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 for text generation and tasks, and Dall-E and Stable Diffusion for image generation. With multilingual support for over 25 languages, Free AI Assistant empowers users to communicate effectively and expand their reach. The platform is designed to simplify tasks, foster creativity, and boost productivity for individuals and businesses alike.

SpellBound is an AI-powered writing assistant that helps users write faster, better, and smarter. It can be used in any application on Mac and offers a variety of features, including tone adjustment, grammar correction, and content creation. SpellBound is designed to be fast and easy to use, and it can help users save time and improve their writing skills.

AI Pal is a powerful AI-powered tool that can be accessed through WhatsApp. It offers a wide range of features, including the ability to generate text, translate languages, create to-do lists, and provide professional advice. AI Pal is designed to be user-friendly and accessible to everyone, regardless of their technical expertise. It is a valuable tool for anyone who wants to improve their communication skills, productivity, or creativity.

Lunabot is an AI assistant that simplifies your work on any webpage as a chatbot sider, anywhere. No API key or ChatGPT account is required. Lunabot offers a web app, browser extensions, mobile app, desktop app, and Telegram bot. It supports GPT-4, allows you to create custom shortcuts, and offers multiple themes. Lunabot is budget-friendly and offers better features than ChatGPT at a lower cost.

Lek.ai is an AI-powered content creation toolkit that helps users generate text for a variety of purposes, including social media posts, email marketing, e-commerce, and business writing. With over 25 use cases, Lek.ai can help users write better content faster and more efficiently.

Exemplary AI is an all-in-one content creation tool that uses AI to help you create short clips, audiograms, summaries, content, transcripts, subtitles, and more. It also offers a range of other features, such as transcription, translation, and captioning. Exemplary AI is designed to be easy to use and can be used by anyone, regardless of their technical expertise.

Meteron AI is an all-in-one AI toolset that helps developers build AI-powered products faster and easier. It provides a simple, yet powerful metering mechanism, elastic scaling, unlimited storage, and works with any model. With Meteron, developers can focus on building AI products instead of worrying about the underlying infrastructure.

Neurelo is a cloud API platform that offers services for PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and MySQL. It provides features such as auto-generated APIs, custom query APIs with AI assistance, query observability, schema as code, and the ability to build full-stack applications in minutes. Neurelo aims to empower developers by simplifying database programming complexities and enhancing productivity. The platform leverages the power of cloud technology, APIs, and AI to offer a seamless and efficient way to build and run applications.

STELLARWITS is an AI solutions and software platform that empowers users to explore cutting-edge technology and innovation. The platform offers AI models with versatile capabilities, ranging from content generation to data analysis to problem-solving. Users can engage directly with the technology, experiencing its power in real-time. With a focus on transforming ideas into technology, STELLARWITS provides tailored solutions in software and AI development, delivering intelligent systems and machine learning models for innovative and efficient solutions. The platform also features a download hub with a curated selection of solutions to enhance the digital experience. Through blogs and company information, users can delve deeper into the narrative of STELLARWITS, exploring its mission, vision, and commitment to reshaping the tech landscape.

FPrime AI is an AI application that aims to redefine Artificial Intelligence for enterprises by bridging the AI gap and empowering organizations of all sizes to leverage the transformative potential of AI. The application addresses common challenges such as the lack of AI vision, difficulty in finding and retaining AI talent, and data dilemmas. FPrime AI follows a customer-centric approach to tailor AI solutions, provide continuous support, and democratize access to AI knowledge and applications. The solution includes advanced AI technologies, automation tools, and analytics capabilities, with a team of AI experts and domain specialists collaborating closely with clients to address industry-specific needs and goals.

Cohere is the leading AI platform for enterprise, offering products optimized for generative AI, search and discovery, and advanced retrieval. Their models are designed to enhance the global workforce, enabling businesses to thrive in the AI era. Cohere provides Command R+, Cohere Command, Cohere Embed, and Cohere Rerank for building efficient AI-powered applications. The platform also offers deployment options for enterprise-grade AI on any cloud or on-premises, along with developer resources like Playground, LLM University, and Developer Docs.

Provectus is an Artificial Intelligence consultancy and solutions provider that helps businesses achieve their objectives through AI. They offer AI solutions that can be integrated into organizations through use case and platform approaches. Their solutions differentiate themselves by offering no license fees, open and certified architecture, cloud-native but vendor-agnostic solutions, turnkey solutions, and AI consulting and customization services. Provectus has successfully transformed industries such as insurance underwriting, digital banking, retail, healthcare, and manufacturing through their Generative AI technology.

The website is an AI tool that focuses on investing in startups, leading rounds from seed to growth, and sponsoring an accelerator for seed-stage AI companies. It also runs a supercomputer for AI startups and has made investments in various companies. The team behind the tool includes Nat Friedman, Daniel Gross, Hersh Desai, and Lenny Bogdonoff. In addition to investments, the tool is involved in giving grants to open source AI projects and other activities like reading the Herculaneum papyrii and building a city in North America.

Maven is an AI-powered platform offering live, online courses for professionals in various fields such as product design, engineering, marketing, business, leadership, and investing. The platform provides interactive cohorts with high student engagement, hands-on projects, and up-to-date case studies to help professionals acquire practical skills for immediate application in their jobs. Maven's curated frameworks and expert feedback aim to accelerate career growth by condensing years of operating experience into weeks. With a focus on AI-related courses, Maven offers certifications and training programs to help individuals confidently build AI products and lead AI organizations.

Pinecone is a vector database designed to build knowledgeable AI applications. It offers a serverless platform with high capacity and low cost, enabling users to perform low-latency vector search for various AI tasks. Pinecone is easy to start and scale, allowing users to create an account, upload vector embeddings, and retrieve relevant data quickly. The platform combines vector search with metadata filters and keyword boosting for better application performance. Pinecone is secure, reliable, and cloud-native, making it suitable for powering mission-critical AI applications.

SingleStore is a real-time data platform designed for apps, analytics, and gen AI. It offers faster hybrid vector + full-text search, fast-scaling integrations, and a free tier. SingleStore can read, write, and reason on petabyte-scale data in milliseconds. It supports streaming ingestion, high concurrency, first-class vector support, record lookups, and more.

LangChain is an AI tool that offers a suite of products supporting developers in the LLM application lifecycle. It provides a framework to construct LLM-powered apps easily, visibility into app performance, and a turnkey solution for serving APIs. LangChain enables developers to build context-aware, reasoning applications and future-proof their applications by incorporating vendor optionality. LangSmith, a part of LangChain, helps teams improve accuracy and performance, iterate faster, and ship new AI features efficiently. The tool is designed to drive operational efficiency, increase discovery & personalization, and deliver premium products that generate revenue.

Vapi is a Voice AI tool designed specifically for developers. It enables developers to interact with their code using voice commands, making the coding process more efficient and hands-free. With Vapi, developers can perform various tasks such as writing code, debugging, and running tests simply by speaking. The tool is equipped with advanced natural language processing capabilities to accurately interpret and execute voice commands. Vapi aims to revolutionize the way developers work by providing a seamless and intuitive coding experience.

Senior AI is a platform that leverages Artificial Intelligence to help individuals and companies develop and manage software products more efficiently and securely. It offers codebase awareness, bug analysis, security optimization, and productivity enhancements, making software development faster and more reliable. The platform provides different pricing tiers suitable for individuals, power users, small teams, growing teams, and large teams, with the option for enterprise solutions. Senior AI aims to supercharge software development with an AI-first approach, guiding users through the development process and providing tailored code suggestions and security insights.

System1 is an industry-leading responsive acquisition marketing platform powered by AI and machine learning. Their Responsive Acquisition Marketing Platform (RAMP) is omni-channel and omni-vertical, designed for a privacy-centric world. It enables building powerful brands, developing privacy-focused products, and delivering high-intent customers to advertising partners. System1 is a technology company with a team of engineers, product managers, data scientists, and experts in the field. They focus on Best-In-Class hiring and business acquisition to achieve their ambitious goals.

The Stack Overflow Blog is a platform that provides insights, updates, and discussions on various topics related to software development, technology, AI/ML, and career advice. It offers a space for developers and technologists to collaborate, share knowledge, and engage with the community. The blog covers a wide range of subjects, including product releases, podcast episodes, and industry trends. Users can explore articles, podcasts, and announcements to stay informed and connected with the tech community.

Vectorize is a fast, accurate, and production-ready AI tool that helps users turn unstructured data into optimized vector search indexes. It leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to create copilots and enhance customer experiences by extracting natural language from various sources. With built-in support for top AI platforms and a variety of embedding models and chunking strategies, Vectorize enables users to deploy real-time vector pipelines for accurate search results. The tool also offers out-of-the-box connectors to popular knowledge repositories and collaboration platforms, making it easy to transform knowledge into AI-generated content.

aimlapi.com is an AI tool that offers 100+ AI models accessible via one API. It provides developers with a wide range of AI models for various tasks such as chat, language, image generation, and code processing. The platform is designed to be user-friendly, cost-efficient, and scalable, making it suitable for developers of all levels. With a focus on transparency, affordability, and compatibility with OpenAI, aimlapi.com aims to provide high-quality AI solutions to its users.

Databricks is a data and AI company that offers a Data Intelligence Platform to help users succeed with AI by developing generative AI applications, democratizing insights, and driving down costs. The platform maintains data lineage, quality, control, and privacy across the entire AI workflow, enabling users to create, tune, and deploy generative AI models. Databricks caters to industry leaders, providing tools and integrations to speed up success in data and AI. The company offers resources such as support, training, and community engagement to help users succeed in their data and AI journey.

The website features Grok-1.5, an AI application that bridges the gap between the digital and physical worlds through its multimodal model. Grok-1.5 boasts enhanced reasoning capabilities and a context length of 128,000 tokens. Additionally, the platform offers PromptIDE, an IDE for prompt engineering and interpretability research, allowing users to create and share complex prompts in Python. Grok, an AI modeled after the Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, is also available on the site, providing answers to a wide range of questions and even suggesting relevant queries. The platform aims to facilitate knowledge sharing and exploration through advanced AI technologies.

Infrabase.ai is a directory of AI infrastructure products that helps users discover and explore a wide range of tools for building world-class AI products. The platform offers a comprehensive directory of products in categories such as Vector databases, Prompt engineering, Observability & Analytics, Inference APIs, Frameworks & Stacks, Fine-tuning, Audio, and Agents. Users can find tools for tasks like data storage, model development, performance monitoring, and more, making it a valuable resource for AI projects.

Derwen is an open-source integration platform for production machine learning in enterprise, specializing in natural language processing, graph technologies, and decision support. It offers expertise in developing knowledge graph applications and domain-specific authoring. Derwen collaborates closely with Hugging Face and provides strong data privacy guarantees, low carbon footprint, and no cloud vendor involvement. The platform aims to empower AI engineers and domain experts with quality, time-to-value, and ownership since 2017.

Union.ai is an infrastructure platform designed for AI, ML, and data workloads. It offers a scalable MLOps platform that optimizes resources, reduces costs, and fosters collaboration among team members. Union.ai provides features such as declarative infrastructure, data lineage tracking, accelerated datasets, and more to streamline AI orchestration on Kubernetes. It aims to simplify the management of AI, ML, and data workflows in production environments by addressing complexities and offering cost-effective strategies.

SoundHound AI is a global leader in conversational intelligence, providing voice AI solutions for businesses to offer exceptional conversational experiences to their customers. Their proprietary technology enables best-in-class speed and accuracy in multiple languages across automotive, TV, IoT, and customer service industries. SoundHound offers innovative AI-driven products like Smart Answering, Smart Ordering, and Dynamic Interaction™, a real-time customer service interface. With SoundHound Chat AI, a powerful voice assistant integrated with Generative AI, the company powers millions of products and services, handling billions of interactions annually for top-tier businesses.

Attri is a leading Generative AI application specialized in custom AI solutions for enterprises. It harnesses the power of Generative AI and Foundation Models to drive innovation and accelerate digital transformation. Attri offers a range of AI solutions for various industries, focusing on responsible AI deployment and ethical innovation.

ALIAgents.ai is a platform that enables users to create and monetize AI agents on the blockchain. Users can design and deploy their own AI agents for various tasks such as customer service, data analysis, and more. The platform provides tools and resources to facilitate the development and deployment of AI agents, allowing users to tap into the potential of AI technology in a decentralized and secure manner.